Clear answers to the dental health questions we hear most often from patients.
Plaque is the accumulation of bacteria, microorganisms, and their products which sticks to the tooth surfaces. Dental plaque is soft and easily removed by brushing and flossing the teeth. Accumulation of plaque can lead to gum disease (gingivitis) and periodontal disease, as well as tooth decay.
Calculus is dental plaque that has mineralized. It can form above or below the gumline when plaque is not removed from tooth surfaces. The bacteria that sticks to calculus can cause gum disease or periodontal disease. Calculus cannot be removed by brushing and flossing — a dental hygienist removes it with special instruments designed to adapt to the tooth surface without causing trauma to the soft gums.
Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums. Common features include red and swollen gums, and bleeding while brushing and flossing. The cause is the bacteria in dental plaque. This disease is reversible with good oral hygiene practices.
A cavity is the destruction of the tooth enamel, dentin, cementum, and may involve the tooth pulp. It forms when bacteria in plaque produce acid that erodes the tooth structure over time.
Cavity formation depends on many factors: the strength of the tooth, the mouth's ability to cleanse itself (saliva flow), diet (frequency and selection of sugary foods), the bacteria in your mouth, and the length of time the tooth is under attack by bacteria.
We recommend a checkup every six months for routine cleaning and examination. Patients with active gum disease or other concerns may need more frequent visits. Regular appointments help catch problems early when they are easier and less expensive to treat.
Most patients report that the procedure is less uncomfortable than they expected. Local anesthesia is used during placement, and post-procedure discomfort is typically manageable with over-the-counter pain relief for a few days.